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GK General Information
GENERAL INFORMATION
- US territory
Mount McKinley is in the Alaskan region of Denali,
Death Valley is in Eastern California and is a desert,
Appalachians are mountain ranges in eastern side of North America and the highest peak in the Appalachian Mountains is Mount Mitchell.
Clark Glacier in Alaska on Mount Abbe. It is 8 miles long.
- Old name of Taiwan Formosa
Formosa means “beautiful island” and this name was given to Taiwan by the Portuguese who discovered the island in 1542.
- Trout Lake is in Ontario, Canada and receives many visitors that go there for fishing. The fish found in the lake are Trout, Musky, Largemouth Bass, Panfish, Walleye Smallmouth Bass, and Northern Pike.
- Statue of Liberty
It was gifted to mark the friendship and good relations between the two nations at the time of the American Revolution. The idea was proposed by a French political thinker, Edouard de Laboulaye. He appointed Auguste Bartholdi to sculpt the statue. Moreover, the man who built the Eiffel Tower – Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel – helped out in carving a steel frame for the statue. The construction was finished, and the statue was erected in 1886 and presented to President Grover Cleveland – the President of US at the time.
At the time the statue was called “Liberty Enlightening the World”, but the word ‘liberty’ had some negative connotations attached to it at the time – it meant uprising and revolt. But that is not the message the French wanted to convey, rather they wanted to convey a message of liberty that is about democracy, justice and liberty/freedom.
- Government Economic Policies
These are used to reach the macroeconomic goals of a country.
Fiscal Policy is about the revenue collected and expenditure of a government.
Monetary Policy deals with the interest rates that are used by banks for short-term borrowings from other banks, managing inflation, supply of money, stabilize prices and currency.
- Famous Bazaars of the World
- Khan Al-Khalili (Cairo, Egypt)
- Tsukiji Market (Tokyo, Japan)
- Borough Market (London, England)
- Grand Bazaar (Istanbul, Turkey)
- Camden Market (London, England)
- Kashgar Sunday Bazaar (Kashgar, China)
- St Lawrence Market (Toronto, Canada)
- Damnoen Saduak Floating Market (Thailand)
- Muara Kuin Floating Market (Banjarmasin, Indonesia)
- Pak Khlong Talad Flower Market (Bangkok, Thailand)
- Maeklong Railway Market (Maeklong, Thailand)
- Gold Souk (Dubai, United Arab Emirates)
- Izmailovsky Market (Moscow, Russia)
- The Witches’ Market (La Paz, Bolivia)
- Gypsy Brides Market (Mogila, Bulgaria)
- Jemaa el-Fnaa (Marrakech, Morocco)
- Chichicastenango Market (Chichicastenango, Guatemala)
- Mercado de Sonora (Mexico City, Mexico)
US missile attack on Syria – 2018
On 14th of April 2018, United States in collaboration with the UK and France attacked Syria and stroke them with missiles. Syria was having a civil war at that time. The reason they gave for this missile attack was that since Syria had carried out chemical attacks in the Douma region just a week before this, they had to stop them from proliferating such attacks. The Douma Chemical Attack had killed almost 50 people and the United States blamed the Syrian Army and government for this attack.
- World’s hottest and coldest deserts
Antarctic desert is the biggest desert in the world and is a cold desert
Arctic is the second biggest desert and is a cold desert
Sahara is the third biggest desert and is a hot desert.
- Most mentioned river in Bible Jordan
It is mentioned most often because it is considered a source of great fertility.
- The Greek epic poems “Iliad”, and “Odyssey” – which are the most important part of Greek literature – were written by Homer.
- Industrial revolution started with the invention of steam engine. This marked the transition from using human power to machine power. This also set the stage for other things like the power loom spinning mule.
- 8th Continent of the world
It is called Zealandia and is situated below New Zealand. This was confirmed in 2017.
- Oceania This area includes Australasia, Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia.
- Andes Mountains longest mountain range
It is 7,200 km long and is spread over several countries: Peru, Chile, Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia.
- Biggest and deepest ocean of the world Pacific Ocean
It is the biggest and deepest ocean of the world has the deepest point at a place called Challenger Deep which is 36,200 feet deep. It is the largest ocean basin and is 63 million square miles in area coverage. It also contains more than half of earth’s free water.
- Sultan Ahmed Mosque/Blue Mosque Istanbul
It is a mosque from the Ottomon time which was built in 1609 during Sultan Ahmet I’s rule. The architect was Sedefkar Mehmed Agha.
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization was created in 1954 with a focus on preserving and protecting the heritage of different historically and culturally significant sites in the world. This was also done to achieve international cooperation and develop an understanding among people of others’ cultures.
Fashion capitals of the world
- Milan, Italy
- Paris, France
- New York, USA
- London, England
Deepest Lake of the World Lake Baikal, Siberia
Non EU European Countries
- Bulgaria
- Romania
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Ireland
- United Kingdom
Members of the European Union
- Austria
- Italy
- Belgium
- Latvia
- Bulgaria
- Lithuania
- Croatia
- Luxembourg
- Cyprus
- Malta
- Czechia
- Netherlands
- Denmark
- Poland
- Estonia
- Portugal
- Finland
- Romania
- France
- Slovakia
- Germany
- Slovenia
- Greece
- Spain
- Hungary
- Sweden
- Ireland
Facts about European Union
- European Union suspended military assistance to Turkey in 2019 due to Turkey’s offenses in the Syrian Civil War.
- The United Kingdom ceased to be a member of the European Union after the UK took a vote in 2016 to leave the EU. This event is known as ‘Brexit’.
- After Brexit, David Cameron stepped down from his post as Prime Minister.
- He was replaced by Theresa May as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Discoveries by NASA’s
- Hubble telescope (used to discover everything else)
- Hidden cradles of newborn stars
iii. Growing galactic metropolis
- Largest known ring around Saturn
- Buckyballs in space
- Blackholes
vii. Most distant planet
viii. Map of Milky Way
- Seven Earth-size planets around single star
The Orbital Velocities of the Planets
| Planet | Radius of Orbit Relative to that of Earth’s | Length of Year Relative to Earth’s Year | Orbital Velocity Relative to That of Earth’s |
| Mercury | 0.387 | 0.2409 | 1.607 |
| Venus | 0.723 | 0.616 | 1.174 |
| Earth | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.000 |
| Mars | 1.524 | 1.9 | 0.802 |
| Jupiter | 5.203 | 12.0 | 0.434 |
| Saturn | 9.539 | 29.5 | 0.323 |
| Uranus | 19.18 | 84 | 0.228 |
| Neptune | 30.06 | 165 | 0.182 |
| Pluto | 39.52 | 248 | 0.159 |
Famous Mobile Phone Companies in the world
| Brand | Country | Founding Year |
| Samsung | South Korea | 1938 |
| Apple | USA | 1976 |
| Huawei | China | 1987 |
| Xiaomi | China | 2010 |
| Oppo | China | 2004 |
| LG | South Korea | 1947 |
| Motorola | US | 1928 |
| Mobicel | South Africa | 2007 |
| Lenovo | China | 1984 |
| Nokia | Finland | 1865 |
Famous IT companies and their Founders
| Company | Founder(s) |
| Mark Zuckerberg | |
| Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, Evan Williams | |
| Apple | Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Ronald Wayne |
| Facebook, Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger | |
| Jan Koum, Brian Acton | |
| Microsoft | Bill Gates, Paul Allen |
| Alibaba | Jack Ma |
| Amazon | Jeff Bezos |
| Flipkart | Binny Bansal, Sachin Bansal |
| Quora | Adam D’Angelo, Charlie Cheever |
| Oracle | Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates |
| Wikipedia | Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger |
The first google home delivery drone service was launched in Australia in 2019, after years of test flights.
List of Space Organizations / Companies/Agencies
| Name | Headquarters | Year of Establishment |
| NASA | Washington, D. C. United States | 1958 |
| United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs | Vienna, Austria | 1958 |
| United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space | Vienna, Austria | 1959 |
| Indian Space Research Organization | Bengaluru, India | 1969 |
| Roscosmos | Moscow, Russia | 1992 |
| JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) | Tokyo, Japan | 2003 |
| Canadian Space Agency | Longueuil, Quebec | 1989 |
| German Aerospace Center | Cologne, Germany | 1959 |
| China National Space Administration | Beijing, China | 1993 |
| Italian Space Agency | Rome, Italy | 1988 |
| UK Space Agency | Swindon, United Kingdom | 2010 |
| Brazilian Space Agency | Brasilia, Distrito Federal | 1994 |
| The Planetary Society | California, United States | 1980 |
| Israel Space Agency | Tel Aviv, Israel | 1983 |
| SUPARCO | Karachi, Pakistan | 1961 |
Carbon-emitting Nations
In ascending order:
- China
- United States
iii. India
- Russia
- Japan
- Germany
vii. Islamic Republic of Iran
viii. South Korea
- Saudi Arabia
- Indonesia
| Important Newspapers of the World |
| Name of Newspaper | Country | City |
| The News | Pakistan | Karachi/Lahore |
| Jang | Pakistan | Karachi/Lahore |
| Express | Pakistan | Karachi/Lahore |
| Dawn | Pakistan | Karachi/Lahore |
| Nawa-e-Waqt | Pakistan | Karachi/Lahore |
| Khabrain | Pakistan | Karachi/Lahore |
| Pakistan Today | Pakistan | Lahore |
| Ausaf | Pakistan | Islamabad |
| Mashriq | Pakistan | Peshawar |
| The Express | U.K. | London |
| The Mirror | U.K. | London |
| The Mail | U.K. | London |
| Manchester Guardian | U.K. | London |
| The Sunday Times | U.K. | London |
| The Economist | U.K. | London |
| Daily Express | U.K. | London |
| Sunday Telegraph | U.K. | London |
| Morning Star | U.K. | London |
| Spectator | U.K. | London |
| News Statesman | U.K. | London |
| The Times | U.K. | London |
| Daily Telegraph | U.K. | London |
| The Sun | U.K. | London |
| Observer | U.K. | London |
| Le Monde | France | Paris |
| Le Figaro | France | Paris |
| New York Times | USA | New York |
| Baltimore Sun | USA | Baltimore |
| Washington Post | USA | Washington |
| International Herald Tribune | USA | Washington |
| Washington Evening Star | USA | Washington |
| Christian Science | USA | Washington |
| Izvestia | (Russian Federation) | Moscow |
| Pravada | (Russian Federation) | Moscow |
| Red Flag | China | Beijing |
| People’s Daily | China | Beijing |
| Al Ahram | Egypt | Cairo |
| Akhbar EL Yom | Egypt | Cairo |
| AI Gomhouria | Egypt | Cairo |
| Yediot Aharonot | Israel | Tel Aviv |
| Nhan Dan | Vietnam | Hanoi |
| Asahi Shimbun | Japan | Tokyo |
| The Yomiuri | Japan | Tokyo |
| Suara Karya | Indonesia | Jakarta |
| Straits Times | Singapore | Singapore |
| Eastern Sun | Singapore | Singapore |
| The Malay Mali | Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur |
| Rising Nepal | Nepal | Kathmandu |
| Toronto Star | Canada | Toronto |
| Montreal Star | Canada | Montreal |
| Australian | Australia | Canberra |
| Sydney Morning News | Australia | Sydney |
| Ceylon Daily News | Sri Lanka | Colombo |
| Statesman | Sri Lanka | Colombo |
| Sangbad | Bangladesh | Dhaka |
| Janakantha | Bangladesh | Dhaka |
| Morning News | Bangladesh | Dhaka |
| Banglar Bani | Bangladesh | Dhaka |
| Bangladesh Observer | Bangladesh | Dhaka |
| Bangladesh Times | Bangladesh | Dhaka |
| The Peoples | Bangladesh | Dhaka |
| Al Hayat | Lebanon | Beirut |
| Al Anwar | Lebanon | Beirut |
| Al Nahar | Lebanon | Beirut |
| Al Howadess | Lebanon | Beirut |
| Al Dastour | Lebanon | Beirut |
| Al Massa | Lebanon | Beirut |
| Bangkok Post | Thailand | Bangkok |
| Kenyan Nation | Kenya | Nairobi |
| Frankfurt Allegiance | W. Germany | Frankfurt |
| China Times | Taiwan | Taipeh |
| Rudo Pravo | Czechoslovakia | Prague |
| Neues Deutschland | E. Germany | Dresden |
| Berliner Zeitung | E. Germany | Dresden |
| Le Europe | Italy | Rome |
| L. Unita | Italy | Rome |
| Al Sha’ab | Algeria | Rome |
| Al Thawara | Syria | Rome |
| Akbar-at-Kuwait | Kuwait | Kuwait |
| News Agencies of the World |
| Press Name | Full Name | Location |
| AAP | Australian Associated Press | Sydney |
| AASA | Agence Arabe Syrienne d’Information | Damascus |
| AE | Agency Europe | Brussels |
| AFP | Agence France-Presse | Paris |
| AIO | Agencia Informativa Orbe De Chile | Santiago Chile |
| AIP | Agence Ivoirienne de Presse | Abidjan |
| ALD | Agencia Los Diarios | Buenos Aires |
| ALI | Agencia Lusa de Informacao | Lisbon |
| AM | Agencia Meridional | Rio de Janeiro |
| ANA | Athenagence | Athens |
| ANP | Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau | The Hague |
| ANSA | Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associate | Rome |
| ANTARA | Indonesian National News Agency | Jakarta |
| AN | Agencia Nacional | Brasilia |
| APA | Austria Presse-Agentur | Vienna |
| APP | Agence Parisienne de Presse | Paris |
| APP | Associated Press of Pakistan | Islamabad |
| APS | Agence de Presse Sénégalaise | Dakar |
| APS | Algeria Presse Service | Algiers |
| AP | Associated Press | New York |
| ATA | Albanian Telegraphic Agency | Tirana |
| AUP | Australian United Press | Melbourne |
| BELGA | Agency Belga | Brussels |
| BERNAMA | Malaysia National News Agency | Kuala Lumpur |
| BOPA | Botswana Press Agency | Gaborone |
| BTA | Bulgarska Telegrafitscheka Agentzia | Sofia |
| CANA | Caribbean News Agency | Bridgetown |
| CIP | Centre d’Information de Presse | Brussels |
| CAN | Central News Agency | Taipei |
| CAN | Cyprus News Agency | Nicosia |
| CNS | China News Service | Beijing |
| COLPRENSA | Colprensa | Bogata |
| CP | Canadian Press | Toronto |
| CTK | Ceskoslovenska Tiskova Kancelar | Prague |
| DPA | Deutsche Presse-Agentur | Hamburg |
| EFE | Agencia EFE | Madrid |
| ENA | Eastern News Agency | Dhaka |
| EXTEL | Exchange and Telegraphy Company | London |
| FIDES | Agenzia Internationale Fides | Vatican City |
| GNA | Agence Guineenne de Presse | Conakry |
| GNA | Ghana News Agency | Accra |
| GNA | Guyana News Agency | George-town |
| HHA | Hürriyet Haber Ajansı | Istanbul |
| IC | Inforpress Centroamericana | Guatemala |
| INA | Iraqi News Agency | Baghdad |
| IPS | Inter Press Service | Rome |
| IRNA | Islamic Republic News Agency | Teheran |
| JAMPRESS | Jampress | Kingston |
| JANA | Jamahiriya News Agency | Tripoli |
| JIJI | Jiji Tsushin-Shah | Tokyo |
| JTA | Jewish Telegraphic Agency | Jerusalem |
| KCNA | Korean Central News Agency | Pyongyang |
| KNA | Kenya News Agency | Nairobi |
| KPL | Khao San Pathet Lao | Vientiane |
| KUNA | Kuwait News Agency | Kuwait City |
| KYODO | Kyodo Tsushin | Tokyo |
| LAI | Logos Agencia de Information | Madrid |
| MENA | Middle East News Agency | Cairo |
| MTI | Magyar Tavirati Iroda | Budapest |
| NAB | News Agency of Myanmar | Yangon |
| DAEWOO | Daewoo Press | Seoul |
| NAN | News Agency of Nigeria | Lagos |
| NA | Noticias Argentinas | Buenos Aires |
| NOTIMEX | Noticias Mexicanas | Mexico City |
| NOVOSTI | Agentstvo Pechati Novosti | Moscow |
| NPS | Norsk Presse Service | Oslo |
| NTB | Norsk Telegrambyra | Oslo |
| NZPA | News Zealand Press Agency | Wellington |
| OPA | Orbis Press Agency | Prague |
| OTT-FNB | Oy Suomen Tietotoimisto Notisbyrån AB | Helsinki |
| PANA | Pan-African News Agency | Dakar |
| PAP | Polska Agencija Praswowa | Warsaw |
| PA | Press Association | London |
| PETRA | Jordan News Agency | Amman |
| PNA | Philippines News Agency | Manila |
| PPI | Pakistan Press International | Karachi |
| PRELA | Prensa Latina | Havana |
| PS | Press Services | Paris |
| PTI | Press Trust of India | Mombay |
| PJWC | Pakistan Journalist Welfare Council | Lahore |
| RB | Ritzaus Bureau | Copenhagen |
| REUTERS | Reuters | London |
| ROMPRESS | Romanian News Agency | Bucharest |
| SAPA | South Africa Press Association | Johannesburg |
| SDA | Schweizerische Depeschenagentur | Berne |
| SIP | Svensk-Internationella Pressbyrån | Stockholm |
| SN | Sky News | United Kingdom |
| SLENA | Sierra Leone News Agency | Freetown |
| SOFIA PRES | Sofia Press Agency | Sofia |
| SOPAC NEWS | South Pacific News Service | Wellington |
| SPA | Saudi Press Agency | Riyadh |
| TANJUG | Novinska Agencija Tanjug | Belgrade |
| TAP | Tunis Afrique Presse | Tunis |
| TASS | Telegraf Note Agentstvo Sovietskovo Soyuza | Moscow |
| TT | Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå | Stockholm |
| UNI | United News of India | New Delhi |
| UPI | United Press International | New York |
| UPP | United Press of Pakistan | Karachi |
| XINHIJA | Xinhua | Beijing |
| YONHAP | Yonhap (United) Press Agency | Seoul |
| ZIANA | Zimbabwe Inter-Africa News Agency | Harare |
Important Treaties
- Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (628 AH)
- Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
- The Peace of Westphalia (1648)
- The Treaty of Paris (1783)
- The Congress of Vienna (1814–15)
- Treaty of Versailles (1919)
- Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (628 AH)
- The Camp David Accords (1978)
- Izmir Treaty (1977)
Facts about Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles brought about the end of World War I.The Treaty of Versailles is a document made up of 15 parts and 440 articles that marked the end of World War I. The Treaty of Versailles was signed exactly 5 years after the start of World War I The Treaty of Versailles took territory away from Germany. In total, the territory and population of Germany was reduced by 10% after the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919
Major Industries of the world
(Manufacturer Countries)
| Afghanistan | Dry and fresh fruits, carpets, wool |
| Australia | Wood, dairy products, wheat, meat, lea, zinc |
| Austria | Machinery, textiles, leathers goods |
| Brazil | Coffee |
| Belgium | Glass, textiles |
| Chile | Copper Nitrate |
| Canada | Wheat, newsprint, machinery |
| China | Silk, tea, rice |
| Congo | Copper, uranium, cobalt, ivory |
| Cuba | Sugar, tobacco, cigar |
| Denmark | Textiles, paper |
| France | Textile, Wine, silk |
| Germany | Machinery, Chemical, Iron and steel equipment |
| India | Jute, Textiles, sugar, spices, tobacco, tea, cement, mica |
| Indonesia | Sugar, spices, rubber, rice cinchona, petroleum |
| Iraq | Dates, petroleum |
| Italy | Mercury, textiles |
| Japan | Machinery, textiles, toys silk, automobiles |
| Kenya | Coffee, tea, meat, sisal, hides and skins, cement, soda ash |
| Kuwait | Petroleum |
| Malaysia | Rubber, tin |
| Netherlands | Machinery, aircraft, electrical |
| Saudi Arabia | Oil, date |
| Spain | Lead |
| Sweden | Matches, timber |
| Switzerland | Watches, chemicals, electrical |
| Taiwan | Camphor, rice |
| UK | Textile, medicines, machinery, cars |
| Russia | Petroleum, wheat, chemicals, heavy machinery |
| Vietnam | Tin, rice, rubber, teak |
Top 5 Countries which participate in Internationally Genetically Engineered Machines (IGEM)
- United States 2. China
- Canada 4. Japan
- Germany
List of International Courts
| Name | Scope | Years active | Subject matter |
| African Court of Justice | Africa | 2009–present | Interpretation of AU treaties |
| Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization | Global | 1995–present | Trade disputes within the WTO |
| Caribbean Court of Justice | Caribbean | 2005–present | General disputes |
| Court of the Eurasian Economic Union | Former USSR | 2015–present | Economic disputes and interpretation of treaties within the EAEU |
| East African Court of Justice | Africa | 2001–present | Interpretation of EAC treaties |
| Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court | Caribbean | 1967–present | General disputes |
| Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States | Former USSR | 1994–present | Economic disputes and interpretation of treaties within the CIS |
| European Court of Human Rights | Europe | 1959–present | Human rights |
| European Court of Justice | Europe | 1952–present | Interpretation of EU law |
| European Free Trade Association Court | Europe | 1994–present | Interpretation of EFTA law |
| European Nuclear Energy Tribunal | Europe | 1960–present | Nuclear energy disputes |
| International Court of Justice | Global | 1945–present | General disputes |
| International Criminal Court | Global | 2002–present | Criminal prosecutions |
| International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda | Rwanda | 1994−2015 | Criminal prosecutions |
| International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia | Former Yugoslavia | 1993−2017 | Criminal prosecutions |
| International Military Tribunal | Europe | 1945–1946 | Criminal prosecutions |
| International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals | Global | 2012−present | Criminal prosecutions |
| International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea | Global | 1994–present | Maritime disputes |
| Permanent Court of International Justice | Global | 1922–1946 | General disputes |
List of International Awards
- Nobel Prize
- Booker Prize
- Academy Awards
- Pulitzer Prize
- The Golden Globes
The Grammys
