{"product_id":"css-general-science-ability","title":"FPSC CSS General Science \u0026 Ability Guide","description":"\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":9,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":130}'\u003eHigh Scoring FPSC CSS General Science and Ability Preparation Book presents comprehensive information about the FPSC CSS syllabus for General Science and Ability.  It can be a significant tool for students preparing for competitive exams.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":84,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":205}'\u003eHigh Scoring FPSC CSS General Science and Ability Preparation Guide:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch2 bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":153,\"w\":558,\"h\":29,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":274}'\u003e\u003cspan bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":153,\"w\":162,\"h\":28,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":274}'\u003eSalient Features:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":197,\"w\":558,\"h\":78,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":318}'\u003e\n\u003cli bis_size='{\"x\":51,\"y\":197,\"w\":518,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":410,\"abs_y\":318}'\u003e\u003cspan bis_size='{\"x\":51,\"y\":197,\"w\":210,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":410,\"abs_y\":318}'\u003eDetailed Coverage of CSS Syllabus\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli bis_size='{\"x\":51,\"y\":216,\"w\":518,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":410,\"abs_y\":337}'\u003e\u003cspan bis_size='{\"x\":51,\"y\":216,\"w\":275,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":410,\"abs_y\":337}'\u003eTheme-wise Questions with Scoring Answers\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli bis_size='{\"x\":51,\"y\":236,\"w\":518,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":410,\"abs_y\":357}'\u003e\u003cspan bis_size='{\"x\":51,\"y\":236,\"w\":475,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":410,\"abs_y\":357}'\u003eImportant Diagrams and Figures required for CSS General Science and Ability\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli bis_size='{\"x\":51,\"y\":255,\"w\":518,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":410,\"abs_y\":376}'\u003e\u003cspan bis_size='{\"x\":51,\"y\":255,\"w\":226,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":410,\"abs_y\":376}'\u003eFPSC CSS Past Paper-based Exercises\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":289,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":410}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":289,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":410}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":309,\"w\":558,\"h\":29,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":430}'\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":349,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":470}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":349,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":470}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":368,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":489}'\u003e\u003cstrong bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":368,\"w\":158,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":489}'\u003ePart A – General Science\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":388,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":509}'\u003e\u003cstrong bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":388,\"w\":117,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":509}'\u003eI. Physical Science\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":407,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":528}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":407,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":528}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":427,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":548}'\u003ea. Constituents and Structure: – Universe, Galaxy, Light Year, Solar System, Sun, Earth, Astronomical System of Units. 1\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":466,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":587}'\u003e• Describe different methods to estimate the age of Universe. 1\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":486,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":607}'\u003e• How do galaxies evolve? Give a brief account on the interaction of galaxies. 2\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":505,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":626}'\u003e• What is the importance of the Milky Way? What is the composition of planets in our solar system? 3\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":545,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":666}'\u003e• Describe the composition of the Sun. 4\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":564,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":685}'\u003e• Describe different layers of Earth’s atmosphere. 6\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":584,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":705}'\u003e• Write a brief note on tectonic plates. 8\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":603,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":724}'\u003e• How are quantities measured in astronomy? 9\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":623,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":744}'\u003eb. Process of Nature:- Solar and Lunar Eclipses, Rotation and Revolution, Weather Variables (Global Temperature, Pressure, Circulation, Precipitation, Humidity) and Weather Variations. 10\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":682,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":803}'\u003e• Differentiate between the occurrence of Solar and Lunar Eclipse. 10\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":702,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":823}'\u003e• Briefly explain what effects are produced due to rotation and revolution of Earth? 11\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":721,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":842}'\u003e• What is a mirage? Describe in detail the creation of mirage. 11\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":741,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":862}'\u003e• Explain the formation of Lunar Eclipse. 13\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":760,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":881}'\u003e• What do you understand by Global Wind and Pressure patterns? Also explain wind and pressure features at higher altitude. 13\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":800,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":921}'\u003e• What is circulation? How does it affect the weather? 15\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":819,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":940}'\u003e• How does humidity influence other weather variables? What are the different ways to express humidity? 16\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":858,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":979}'\u003e• How is global temperature changing and affecting our ecosystem? 17\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":878,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":999}'\u003e• How does precipitation take place? 18\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":898,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1019}'\u003e• Explain weather variations. 19\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":917,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1038}'\u003ec. Natural Hazards and Disasters:- Earth Quake, Volcanic Eruption, Tsunami, Floods, Avalanche, Travelling Cyclone (Tropical Cyclone, Middle Latitude Cyclone and Tornadoes), Drought, Wildfire, Urban Fire. Disaster Risk Management. 20\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":976,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1097}'\u003e• What is a tsunami? How the tsunamis are generated and what are their characteristics? 20\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1015,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1136}'\u003e• What is an Earthquake? Discuss Richter Scale in this context. What was the intensity of the Earthquake in Pakistan dated 26 October 2005 and where was the locus? 20\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1054,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1175}'\u003e• Describe the different causes of Tsunami. Is there any difference between a Tsunami and tidal wave? Name the worst Tsunami ever recorded. 21\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1094,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1215}'\u003e• What is the most dangerous part of a hurricane and how do cyclones affect humans? 21\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1113,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1234}'\u003e• On 7th April 2012 an Avalanche hit a Pakistan military base in Gayari sector trapping 140 soldiers and civilians under deep snow, what is avalanche; describe its four types with focus on most dangerous type? 22\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1172,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1293}'\u003e• World’s largest earthquake was assigned a magnitude of 9.5 by the United States Geological Survey on 22 May 1960 in southern Chile Valdivia. What do you know about earthquakes? Also explain shallow-focus and deep-focus earthquakes. 24\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1231,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1352}'\u003e• Differentiate between Middle Latitude Cyclones and Tornadoes. 25\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1250,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1371}'\u003e• Write a note on cyclones. How do they form? Also explain typhoons. 25\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1270,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1391}'\u003e• The largest recorded volcanic eruption occurred in Indonesia in 1815 which lead to calamity, starvation, and deaths at huge levels. What are volcanic eruptions? What are its three main types? 26\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1329,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1450}'\u003e• Drought is a natural disaster. What do you know about it? 27\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1349,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1470}'\u003e• How do urban fires and wildfires occur and what is the difference between them? 28\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1368,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1489}'\u003e• How can the risk of natural disasters be managed? Explain briefly the points to be considered while coping up with the disaster. 29\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1407,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1528}'\u003ed. Energy Resources:- Sources of Energy (Renewable i.e. LED Energy, Solar Energy, Wind Energy and Non-Renewable Energy), conservation and its sustainable use. 30\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1447,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1568}'\u003e• Most of the household appliances utilize ‘DC’, then why do we generate ‘AC’ at the power stations? 30\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1486,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1607}'\u003e• Differentiate between the Renewable and Non Renewable sources of energy giving examples of each. 30\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1525,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1646}'\u003e• Differentiate between the renewable and non-renewable energy sources, briefly explain Geothermal Energy and Hydro Electricity. 31\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1564,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1685}'\u003e• What are the different forms in which energy exists? 32\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1584,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1705}'\u003e• How can energy be conserved? 33\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1603,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1724}'\u003e• What is the mechanism of LED? What are its uses that make it a choice in modern age? 33\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1643,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1764}'\u003e• Write a brief note on non-renewable energy conservation and its sustainable use. 34\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1662,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1783}'\u003e• How do renewable energy resources replace conventional fuels? 34\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1682,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1803}'\u003e• What are the different ways to get benefits from solar energy? 35\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1701,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1822}'\u003e• What do you know about wind energy and its harnessing? Also describe wind farm. 36\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1721,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1842}'\u003ee. Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonding, Electromagnetic Radiations. 37\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1741,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1862}'\u003e• Explain the shape of water molecule with the help of Molecular Orbital Theory, also draw its orbital diagram. 37\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1780,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1901}'\u003e• What are the gamma rays? Explain their applications. 37\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1799,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1920}'\u003e• Explain the terms Dark Energy and Dark Matter. 38\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1819,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1940}'\u003e• Define the term Black Hole. What’s expected inside it? 38\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1839,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1960}'\u003e• How can the Sun have such a strong gravitational field if it’s made up of gases? 39\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1858,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1979}'\u003e• Explain Electromagnetic spectrum and its components in detail with ranges. 39\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1878,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":1999}'\u003e• What do you know about UV rays? 41\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1897,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2018}'\u003e• What are X rays? Explain its uses. 41\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1917,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2038}'\u003e• Write a note on infrared rays. 42\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1937,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2058}'\u003e• Write a brief note on chemical bonding. 42\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1956,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2077}'\u003e• Differentiate between covalent and ionic bonding. 43\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":1976,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2097}'\u003ef. Modern Materials\/Chemicals:- Ceramics, Plastics, Semiconductors. Antibiotics, Vaccines, Fertilizers, Pesticides. 44\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2015,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2136}'\u003e• What are vaccines? Classify these and discuss DNA vaccines in detail. 44\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2035,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2156}'\u003e• Why should the excessive use of chemical fertilizers be avoided? 45\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2054,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2175}'\u003e• What is the difference between vaccines and anti-biotics? How do vaccines and antibiotics contribute to the health? 45\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2094,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2215}'\u003e• What are Pesticides? Explain their different types; why persistent pesticides are more lethal for mankind? 46\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2133,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2254}'\u003e• What are the main chemicals in fertilizers? Explain different types of fertilizers. 47\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2152,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2273}'\u003e• Why are ceramics important? What are their different kinds? 48\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2172,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2293}'\u003e• What is thermosetting and thermoplastic? 49\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2192,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2313}'\u003e• Write a note on semiconductors. 49\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2211,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2332}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2211,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2332}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2231,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2352}'\u003e\u003cstrong bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2231,\"w\":134,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2352}'\u003eII. Biological Science\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2250,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2371}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2250,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2371}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2270,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2391}'\u003ei) The Basis of Life :- Cell Structures and Functions (Subcellular Organelles such as Nucleus, Mitochondria and Ribosomes) 50\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2309,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2430}'\u003e• Describe the ‘Cell Structure’. Write down at least three differences between an animal cell and plant cell. 50\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2348,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2469}'\u003e• Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Explain the structure and functions of that organelle. 51\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2388,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2509}'\u003e• Where and in which form is the hereditary material located in the cell? 51\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2407,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2528}'\u003e• Explain the structure of the nucleus including the nuclear membrane and nucleolus. 52\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2427,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2548}'\u003e• Briefly explain ribosomes, their structure, and function. 53\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2446,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2567}'\u003eii) Biomolecules:- Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates and Enzymes. 54\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2466,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2587}'\u003e• What is Cholesterol? Discuss its importance, normal blood level and dangers of elevated levels with reference to the health and disease in humans. 54\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2505,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2626}'\u003e• Define ‘Carbohydrates’. Describe different steps to digest these in the human body. 55\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2525,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2646}'\u003e• People suffering from cardiovascular diseases have a high level of cholesterol in their blood. This often leads to a buildup of fats on the internal arterial walls. Suggest how this might be harmful to the heart. 56\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2584,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2705}'\u003e• What are amino acids? Briefly explain the different types. 56\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2603,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2724}'\u003e• What are enzymes? What are the different hypothesis to explain mechanism of enzyme action? 57\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2643,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2764}'\u003e• How are enzymes inhibited? What factors affect the rate of enzyme action? 58\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2662,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2783}'\u003eiii) Plant and Animal Kingdom:- A brief survey of Plant and Animal Kingdom to pinpoint similarities and diversities in nature 60\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2701,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2822}'\u003e• Do mammals also lay eggs? If yes, where in the world do they live? Write the name of some of them. 60\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2741,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2862}'\u003e• What is the modern classification system? On which base are organisms classified? 60\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2760,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2881}'\u003e• What are the different modes of nutrition among organisms? 61\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2780,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2901}'\u003e• Write a note on the levels of classification of Kingdom Animalia. 61\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2799,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2920}'\u003e• Write a note on photosynthesis. 62\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2819,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2940}'\u003e• Briefly explain versatility in groups of Kingdom Plantae. 63\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2839,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2960}'\u003e• Write a brief note on the classification of Kingdom Animalia. 64\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2858,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2979}'\u003e• Explain the structure of a flower with respect to its role in reproduction. 64\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2878,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":2999}'\u003eiv) A Brief Account of Human Physiology 66\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2897,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3018}'\u003e• ‘Liver is the chief chemist in human body’. Comment. 66\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2917,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3038}'\u003e• Draw the structure of the human ear and briefly explain its functions. 67\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2937,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3058}'\u003e• Explain osmoregulation. How are kidneys involved in osmoregulation? What other organs contribute to osmoregulation? 68\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":2976,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3097}'\u003e• Give a brief account on digestion of food in humans. Which organs are involved and how do they contribute? 69\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3015,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3136}'\u003e• What is the mechanism of breathing? 70\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3035,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3156}'\u003e• Explain structure of a human eye. 71\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3054,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3175}'\u003e• What are the different parts of the human heart and how do they pump blood? 73\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3074,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3195}'\u003e• What are the different types of muscles and their functions? 74\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3093,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3214}'\u003e• What are the different components of blood? 74\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3113,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3234}'\u003e• What is the structure of arteries? How is blood pressure generated? 75\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3133,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3254}'\u003ev) Common Diseases and Epidemics:- Polio, Diarrhea, Malaria, Hepatitis, Dengue their Causes and Prevention. 76\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3172,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3293}'\u003e• What are causative organism and vector for dengue, enlist possible ways of prevention from dengue. 76\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3211,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3332}'\u003e• Explain in detail the common causes of a heart attack. 76\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3231,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3352}'\u003e• Differentiate between drug addiction and drug abuse. 78\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3250,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3371}'\u003e• Describe different causes and preventions of Polio. 79\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3270,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3391}'\u003e• Give a brief account of biotechnology. 79\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3290,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3411}'\u003e• What do you know about Hepatitis? Describe its types and write down preventive measures. 80\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3329,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3450}'\u003e• Write a note on diarrhea and its treatment. 82\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3348,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3469}'\u003e• What is the causative agent of malaria and what is the treatment regimen? 83\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3368,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3489}'\u003e• Differentiate between Epidemic, Endemic and Pandemic Diseases. 84\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3388,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3509}'\u003evi) New Model Concept of Producing Bio Fuel Method. 85\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3407,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3528}'\u003e• Define the term ‘Bio Fuel’. How is it helpful to promote clean energy? 85\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3427,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3548}'\u003e• What are the different stages of biofuel manufacturing? 85\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3446,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3567}'\u003e• Define Biomass. Also classify different types of biofuels. 86\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3466,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3587}'\u003eIII. Environmental Science\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3486,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3607}'\u003ei) Environment:- The Atmosphere (Layered Structure and Composition), Hydrosphere (Water Cycle, Major Water Compartments), Biosphere (Major Biomes) and Lithosphere (Minerals and Rocks, Rock Types, Plate Tectonics). 87\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3544,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3665}'\u003e• What is hydrological cycle? Discuss its importance. 87\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3564,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3685}'\u003e• What is the importance of forests in the economy of the country? 88\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3584,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3705}'\u003e• Briefly describe the various segments of atmosphere. How these segments are maintaining the Earth Radiation Balance? 88\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3623,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3744}'\u003e• What is lithosphere? Discuss the types of rocks and minerals making up the lithosphere 89\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3662,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3783}'\u003e• What is biosphere? Discuss the major biomes of the biosphere 90\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3682,\"w\":558,\"h\":98,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3803}'\u003eii) Atmospheric Pollution:- Types, Sources, Causes and effects of major air pollutants (COx, Particulate Matter, NOx, SOx, Tropospheric Ozone, Volatile Organic Compounds, Dioxins). Regional and Global air pollution issues (Acid-rain, Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming). International agreements on air pollution control (Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol) 91\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3780,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3901}'\u003e• What were the main objectives of Clean Development Mechanism? Also explain the reasons for the criticism on Kyoto Protocol by the developed countries. 91\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3819,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3940}'\u003e• Comment on the Green House Effect being a blessing. Also discuss “Enhanced Green House Effect” and its relation with global warming. 92\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3858,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3979}'\u003e• What do you mean by Ozone depletion and how we can prevent it? 93\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3878,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":3999}'\u003e• What is Acid Rain and how is it produced? Briefly describe the dangers associated with it. 94\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3917,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4038}'\u003e• Describe the Acid Rain. Describe its causes and how it can be prevented. 96\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3937,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4058}'\u003e• Write a comprehensive note on ‘Smog’. 97\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3956,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4077}'\u003e• Why are scientists worried about the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? 98\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":3976,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4097}'\u003e• List major types of air pollutants, the sources of air pollutants, and their harmful effects. 100\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4015,\"w\":558,\"h\":78,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4136}'\u003eiii) Water Pollution:- Types, sources, causes and effects of major water pollutants (Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Oxygen Demanding Wastes, Plant Nutrients, Thermal Pollution, Infectious Agents, Sediments, Radioactivity, Heavy Metals and Acids). Drinking water quality and standards. 101\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4093,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4214}'\u003e• What is ‘Water Pollution’? Discuss its causes and measurement methods. Name the countries with the highest and lowest percentage of it. 101\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4133,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4254}'\u003e• Briefly explain the main reasons of water-logging in Pakistan 102\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4152,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4273}'\u003e• Discuss the major types of water pollution. 103\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4172,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4293}'\u003eiv) Land Pollution:- Solid Waste Management and Disposal. 104\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4191,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4312}'\u003e• Differentiate between Sanitary and Industrial Landfills, also describe the land selection criteria for landfills. 104\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4231,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4352}'\u003e• What are the factors responsible for environmental pollution? 105\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4250,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4371}'\u003ev) Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Environmental Science 107\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4270,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4391}'\u003e• What do you know about the Remote Sensing Techniques? Explain resolution and write down the names of its various types? 107\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4309,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4430}'\u003evi) Population Planning 108\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4329,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4450}'\u003e• What is population planning? Discuss its types and methods. 108\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4348,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4469}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4348,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4469}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4368,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4489}'\u003eIV. Food Science\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4388,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4509}'\u003ei) Concept of Balance Diet:- Vitamins, Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats and Oil, Minerals, Fiber. 109\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4427,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4548}'\u003e• What is the significance of Vitamins? Describe the sources, uses and deficiency symptoms of fat soluble vitamins. 109\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4466,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4587}'\u003e• Write a comprehensive note on ‘Balanced Diet’. 110\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4486,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4607}'\u003e• Deficiency of vitamins cause different human diseases some of which are given in the table below. Choose the correct type of vitamin from the box and write in front of each disease. 111\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4544,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4665}'\u003e• What are carbohydrates? Classify and given detail of each class along with examples. 111\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4564,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4685}'\u003e• What is the importance of fiber in our diet? 112\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4584,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4705}'\u003e• Which minerals are essential for human? What are some of the most important roles by minerals in our body? 113\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4623,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4744}'\u003e• Why are proteins a vital nutrient for our body? 114\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4642,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4763}'\u003e• Differentiate between good and bad cholesterol. 114\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4662,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4783}'\u003e• Briefly describe fats and oils. 115\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4682,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4803}'\u003eii) Quality of Food:- Bioavailability of Nutrients, Appearance, Texture, Flavor, Quality of Packed and Frozen Food, Food Additives, Preservatives and Antioxidants. 116\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4721,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4842}'\u003e• Discuss importance of preservatives and antioxidants in food. 116\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4740,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4861}'\u003e• Why is bioavailability important and what factors influence bioavailability? 116\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4760,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4881}'\u003e• How is the quality, flavor, and appearance of food maintained when packaged? 117\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4780,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4901}'\u003e• Why is food frozen and how is its quality affected by freezing? 118\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4799,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4920}'\u003eiii) Food Deterioration and its Control:- Causes of Food Deterioration, Adulteration, Food Preservation. 119\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4838,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4959}'\u003e• Discuss different methods of Food preservation. 119\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4858,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4979}'\u003e• Write a note on food adulteration and deterioration. 120\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4878,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4999}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4878,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":4999}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4897,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5018}'\u003e\u003cstrong bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4897,\"w\":174,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5018}'\u003eV. Information Technology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4917,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5038}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4917,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5038}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4937,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5058}'\u003ei) Computer (Hardware \u0026amp; Software Fundamentals); I\/O Processing and Data Storage, Networking \u0026amp; Internet Standards, Application and Business Software, Social Media Websites, Information Systems, Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence. 121\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":4995,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5116}'\u003e• Write a short note on artificial intelligence. 121\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5015,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5136}'\u003e• Differentiate between ROM and RAM. 122\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5035,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5156}'\u003e• Explain three basic buses employed in computer and explain what each is used for. 122\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5054,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5175}'\u003e• Draw a basic computer block diagram and briefly explain the function of each part. 124\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5074,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5195}'\u003e• Describe various types of computers classified on the basis of size, memory, capacity and speed. 125\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5113,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5234}'\u003e• Write a note on how data is stored on a ‘Hard disk’. 126\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5133,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5254}'\u003e• What is ‘Artificial Intelligence’? How is it helpful for humanity? 126\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5152,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5273}'\u003e• What is Open System Interconnections (OSI) and describe its layers? 127\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5172,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5293}'\u003e• What are Internet Protocols? Briefly discuss the most common type of Internet Protocols used. 128\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5211,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5332}'\u003e• What is Social Media? Discuss its types. 128\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5231,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5352}'\u003eii) Telecommunications:- Basics of Wireless Communication (Mobile, Satellite, Surveillance and GPS and Fiber Optic, etc. 129\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5270,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5391}'\u003e• Write short notes on fiber optics and Global Positioning System 129\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5289,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5410}'\u003e• How is an ‘Optical Fibre’ constructed? How is it helpful in transmitting the electromagnetic radiations? 130\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5329,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5450}'\u003e• Give a brief account of Optic Fibers. What is their importance in present day telecom system? 131\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5368,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5489}'\u003e• Where and how Fiber Optics are used? Also write down their advantages and disadvantages. 132\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5407,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5528}'\u003e• What is GPS? How does it work? 133\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5427,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5548}'\u003e• Explain the basic principles of how a cellular phone works. 133\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5446,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5567}'\u003e• How does a satellite work? Also explain what satellites are used for. 134\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5466,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5587}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5466,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5587}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5485,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5606}'\u003ePart B: General Ability\/REASONING\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5505,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5626}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5505,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5626}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5525,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5646}'\u003e\u003cstrong bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5525,\"w\":141,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5646}'\u003eI. Quantitative Ability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5544,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5665}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5544,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5665}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5564,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5685}'\u003ea) Basic Arithmetic, Algebra and Geometry (Average, Ratios, Rates, Percentage, Angles, Triangles, Sets, Remainders, Equations, Symbols, Rounding of Numbers 135\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5603,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5724}'\u003e• Integers 135\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5623,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5744}'\u003e• Exponents and Roots 139\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5642,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5763}'\u003e• Fractions 140\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5662,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5783}'\u003e• Decimals 143\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5682,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5803}'\u003e• Average 144\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5701,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5822}'\u003e• Percentage 146\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5721,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5842}'\u003e• Ratios 148\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5740,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5861}'\u003e• Proportion 150\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5760,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5881}'\u003e• Probability \u0026amp; Counting 152\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5780,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5901}'\u003e• Algebra 161\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5799,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5920}'\u003e• Solid Geometry 167\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5819,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5940}'\u003e• Plane Geometry 179\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5838,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5959}'\u003e• Sets 194\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5858,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5979}'\u003e• Rounding Numbers 199\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5878,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":5999}'\u003e• Mathematical Symbols 200\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5897,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6018}'\u003e• Geometry Symbols 200\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5917,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6038}'\u003e• Algebraic Symbols 201\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5936,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6057}'\u003e• Linear Algebra Symbols 202\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5956,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6077}'\u003e• Set Symbols 202\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5976,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6097}'\u003e• Comprehensive Practice 204\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":5995,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6116}'\u003e• Random Sampling 215\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6015,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6136}'\u003e• Past Paper Questions 216\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6034,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6155}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6034,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6155}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6054,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6175}'\u003e\u003cstrong bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6054,\"w\":304,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6175}'\u003eII. Logical Reasoning and Analytical Reasoning\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6074,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6195}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6074,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6195}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6093,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6214}'\u003ea) Logical Reasoning 234\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6113,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6234}'\u003e• Question format 234\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6132,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6253}'\u003e• How to Attempt 234\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6152,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6273}'\u003e• Example Questions with Answers and Explanations 236\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6172,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6293}'\u003e• Sample Questions with Answers 239\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6191,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6312}'\u003eb) Analytical Reasoning 243\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6211,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6332}'\u003e• Basics 243\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6231,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6352}'\u003e• Strategies for solving the questions 243\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6250,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6371}'\u003e• Common Type of Questions 244\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6270,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6391}'\u003e• Important Key Points 245\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6289,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6410}'\u003e• Solved Examples 245\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6309,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6430}'\u003e• Sample Questions with Answers 248\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6329,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6450}'\u003e• Past Paper Questions 261\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6348,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6469}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6348,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6469}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6368,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6489}'\u003e\u003cstrong bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6368,\"w\":124,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6489}'\u003eIII. Mental Abilities\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6387,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6508}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6387,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6508}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6407,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6528}'\u003ea) Verbal Intelligence Test 268\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6427,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6548}'\u003e• General Instructions 268\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6446,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6567}'\u003e• Practice Questions 269\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6466,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6587}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6466,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6587}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6485,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6606}'\u003e\u003cstrong bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6485,\"w\":89,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6606}'\u003eSolved Paper \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6505,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6626}'\u003e\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6505,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6626}'\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6525,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6646}'\u003e• CSS General Science and Ability 2021 Solved Paper 278\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6544,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6665}'\u003e\u003cspan bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6544,\"w\":532,\"h\":57,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6665}'\u003eWhat is the syllabus for FPSC CSS General Science and Ability?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6614,\"w\":558,\"h\":274,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":6735}'\u003eI. Physical Sciences\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":127,\"y\":6614,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":486,\"abs_y\":6735}'\u003eConstituents and Structure:- Universe, Galaxy, Light Year, Solar System, Sun, Earth, Astronomical System of Units.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":195,\"y\":6653,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":554,\"abs_y\":6774}'\u003eProcess of Nature:- Solar and Lunar Eclipses, Rotation and Revolution, Weather Variables (Global Temperature, Pressure, Circulation, Precipitation, Humidity) and Weather Variations.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":75,\"y\":6712,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":434,\"abs_y\":6833}'\u003eNatural Hazards and Disasters:- EarthQuake, Volcanic Eruption, Tsunami, Floods, Avalanche, Travelling Cyclone (Tropical Cyclone, Middle Latitude Cyclone and Tornadoes), Drought, Wildfire, Urban Fire. Disaster Risk Management.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":363,\"y\":6770,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":722,\"abs_y\":6891}'\u003eEnergy Resources:- Sources of Energy (Renewable i.e. LED Energy, Solar Energy, Wind Energy and Non-Renewable Energy conservation and its sustainable use.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":458,\"y\":6810,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":817,\"abs_y\":6931}'\u003eAtomic Structure, Chemical Bonding, Electromagnetic Radiations.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":411,\"y\":6829,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":770,\"abs_y\":6950}'\u003eModern Materials\/Chemicals:- Ceramics, Plastics, Semiconductors. Antibiotics, Vaccines, Fertilizers, Pesticides.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6904,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":7025}'\u003eII. Biological Sciences\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":6940,\"w\":558,\"h\":176,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":7061}'\u003eThe Basis of Life :- Cell Structures and Functions (Subcellular Organelles such as Nucleus, Mitochondria and Ribosomes).\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":200,\"y\":6959,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":559,\"abs_y\":7080}'\u003eBiomolecules:- Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates and Enzymes.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":383,\"y\":6979,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":742,\"abs_y\":7100}'\u003ePlant and Animal Kingdom:- A brief survey of plant and animal kingdom to pinpoint similarities and diversities in nature.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":230,\"y\":7018,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":589,\"abs_y\":7139}'\u003eA Brief Account of Human Physiology.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":246,\"y\":7038,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":605,\"abs_y\":7159}'\u003eCommon Diseases and Epidemics:- Polio, Diarrhea, Malaria, Hepatitis, Dengue their Causes and Prevention.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":108,\"y\":7077,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":467,\"abs_y\":7198}'\u003eNew Model Concept of Producing BIO Fuel Method\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":7132,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":7253}'\u003eIII. Environmental Science\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":7168,\"w\":558,\"h\":294,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":7289}'\u003eEnvironment:- The Atmosphere (Layered Structure and Composition), Hydrosphere (Water Cycle, Major Water Compartments), Biosphere (Major Biomes) and Lithosphere (Minerals and Rocks, Rock Types, Plate Tectonics).\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":254,\"y\":7207,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":613,\"abs_y\":7328}'\u003eAtmospheric Pollution:- Types, Sources, Causes and effects of major air pollutants (COx, Particulate Matter, NOx, SOx, Tropospheric Ozone, Volatile Organic Compounds, Dioxins). Regional and Global air pollution issues (Acid-rain, Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming). International agreements on air pollution control (Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol).\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":137,\"y\":7305,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":496,\"abs_y\":7426}'\u003eWater Pollution:- Types, sources, causes and effects of major water pollutants (Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Oxygen Demanding Wastes, Plant Nutrients, Thermal Pollution, Infectious Agents, Sediments, Radioactivity, Heavy Metals and Acids). Drinking water quality and standards.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":147,\"y\":7383,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":506,\"abs_y\":7504}'\u003eLand Pollution:- Solid waste management and disposal.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":352,\"y\":7403,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":711,\"abs_y\":7524}'\u003eRole of Remote Sensing and GIS in Environmental Science.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":371,\"y\":7423,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":730,\"abs_y\":7544}'\u003ePopulation Planning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":7478,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":7599}'\u003eIV. Food Science\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":7513,\"w\":558,\"h\":98,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":7634}'\u003eConcept of Balance Diet:- Vitamins, Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats and oil, Minerals, Fiber.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":550,\"y\":7513,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":909,\"abs_y\":7634}'\u003eQuality of Food:- Bioavailability of Nutrients, Appearance, Texture, Flavor, Quality of Packed and Frozen Food, Food Additives, Preservatives and Antioxidants\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":457,\"y\":7553,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":816,\"abs_y\":7674}'\u003eFood Deterioration and its Control:- Causes of Food Deterioration, Adulteration, Food Preservation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":7627,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":7748}'\u003eV. Information Technology\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":7663,\"w\":558,\"h\":137,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":7784}'\u003eComputer (Hardware \u0026amp; Software Fundamentals); I\/O Processing and data storage, Networking \u0026amp; Internet Standards, Application and business Software, Social Media Websites. Information Systems. Fundamentals of artificial intelligence.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":439,\"y\":7702,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":798,\"abs_y\":7823}'\u003eTelecommunications:- Basics of Wireless Communication (Mobile, Satellite, Surveillance and GPS and Fiber Optic etc\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":185,\"y\":7741,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":544,\"abs_y\":7862}'\u003ePart – II (General Ability) 40 Marks\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":220,\"y\":7761,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":579,\"abs_y\":7882}'\u003eVI. Quantitative Ability\/Reasoning\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":7816,\"w\":558,\"h\":98,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":7937}'\u003eBasic Mathematical Skills.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":168,\"y\":7816,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":527,\"abs_y\":7937}'\u003eConcepts and ability to reason quantitatively and solve problems in a quantitative setting.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":563,\"y\":7836,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":922,\"abs_y\":7957}'\u003eBasic Arithmetic, Algebra and Geometry (Average, Ratios, Rates, Percent age, Angles, Triangles, Sets, Remainders, Equations, Symbols, Rounding of Numbers\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":447,\"y\":7875,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":806,\"abs_y\":7996}'\u003eRandom Sampling\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":7930,\"w\":558,\"h\":19,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":8051}'\u003eVII. Logical Reasoning and Analytical Reasoning\/Ability\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":7966,\"w\":558,\"h\":117,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":8087}'\u003eLogical Reasoning includes the process of using a rational, systematic series of steps based on sound mathematical procedures and given statements to arrive at a conclusion.\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":520,\"y\":7986,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":879,\"abs_y\":8107}'\u003eAnalytical Reasoning\/Ability includes visualizing, articulating and solving both complex and uncomplicated problems and concepts and making decisions that are sensible based on available information, including demonstration of the ability to apply logical thinking to gathering and analyzing information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":8100,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":8221}'\u003eVIII. Mental Abilities\u003cbr bis_size='{\"x\":134,\"y\":8100,\"w\":0,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":493,\"abs_y\":8221}'\u003eMental Abilities Scales that measures specific constructs such as verbal, mechanical, numerical and social ability\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":8174,\"w\":558,\"h\":58,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":8295}'\u003e\u003cspan bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":8174,\"w\":548,\"h\":57,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":8295}'\u003eHow to Use High Scoring FPSC CSS General Science and Ability Preparation guide?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":8244,\"w\":558,\"h\":117,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":8365}'\u003e\u003cspan bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":8244,\"w\":554,\"h\":116,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":8365}'\u003eTo get maximum benefit from this book, it is important to first cover all the chapters according to the syllabus. Furthermore, after covering the syllabus, you should practice with the theme wise questions provided to you, in order to structure your answers in an excellent way according to the FPSC CSS requirement for General Science and Ability Paper. After that, you should be able to confidently solve all past paper exercises provided to you in the CSS General Science and Ability Preparation Guide.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":8377,\"w\":558,\"h\":78,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":8498}'\u003eDogar Brothers  provide Best Stuff for your good preparation. Just catch-up a Book of Dogar Brother’s to get selected through your exams. Our mission is “Contributing to the success of widest possible audience through the availability of learning resources at an affordable price”.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp bis_size='{\"x\":11,\"y\":8472,\"w\":558,\"h\":39,\"abs_x\":370,\"abs_y\":8593}'\u003eKeep connected with \u003ca data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.dogar.com.pk\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dogar.com.pk\/\" bis_size='{\"x\":145,\"y\":8472,\"w\":84,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":504,\"abs_y\":8593}'\u003edogar.com.pk\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca data-cke-saved-=\"\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DogarBrothers1949\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DogarBrothers1949\/\" bis_size='{\"x\":236,\"y\":8472,\"w\":58,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":595,\"abs_y\":8593}' target=\"_blank\"\u003eFacebook\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca data-cke-saved-=\"\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DogarBrothers\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DogarBrothers\" bis_size='{\"x\":302,\"y\":8472,\"w\":41,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":661,\"abs_y\":8593}' target=\"_blank\"\u003eTwitter\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca data-cke-saved-=\"\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/dogarb\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/dogarb\/\" bis_size='{\"x\":350,\"y\":8472,\"w\":54,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":709,\"abs_y\":8593}' target=\"_blank\"\u003ePinterest\u003c\/a\u003e and\u003ca data-cke-saved-=\"\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/plus.google.com\/u\/0\/108436765795854156769\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/plus.google.com\/u\/0\/108436765795854156769\" bis_size='{\"x\":432,\"y\":8472,\"w\":77,\"h\":18,\"abs_x\":791,\"abs_y\":8593}' target=\"_blank\"\u003e Google Plus\u003c\/a\u003e to get latest updates.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Dogar Brothers","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":63694839054705,"sku":"2500","price":3200.0,"currency_code":"PKR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1013\/3975\/8961\/files\/FPSC_CSS_General_Science_Ability_Guide.jpg?v=1781513800","url":"https:\/\/dogar.com.pk\/products\/css-general-science-ability","provider":"Dogar Brothers","version":"1.0","type":"link"}